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Nutritional deficiences in vegan endurance athletes
Knížková, Šárka ; Heniková, Marina (advisor) ; Koudelková, Kateřina (referee)
Aim: This study aimed to investigate whether vegan endurance athletes, specifically runners, experience nutritional deficiencies due to a purely plant-based diet. Partial goals were set to evaluate whether these athletes have sufficient energy intake and receive adequate macronutrients and risky micronutrients. Methods: The research was conducted as a pilot study for the extensive European project VEGANScreener. Based on the completed questionnaire and meeting the criteria, 11 participants (n = 11) were selected. The subjects underwent body composition analysis using bioimpedance, their resting energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry, and blood was taken. The subjects then performed a 4-day food record (self-reported 4-day Dietary Record), which was analysed using new software. The complete dietary record was analysed for only eight subjects (n = 8). Nutritional data were analysed using the left-sided Mann- Whitney U test, which belongs to the group of non-parametric tests. The test was conducted at a significance level of α = 0.05. Results: The average BMI of the subjects was 20.87 ± 1.58 kg/m2. Two subjects (n = 2) had a lower body fat percentage than is adequate. The biochemical blood test results indicated a possible vitamin D and iron deficiency. When comparing actual energy...
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Awareness of vegetarians about deficit of certain nutritions in vegetarian diet and about ways to compensate them
VORLÍČKOVÁ, Markéta
This thesis deals with vegetarians' awareness of the lack of specific nutritional substances in the vegetarian diet and their compensation. The aim is to explore whether vegetarians have sufficient information about the nutritional composition of their diet, whether they are interested in researching this information and whether the information is available and sufficient. I also looked at whether people with this eating preference are preventing potential nutritional deficits and subsequent health problems. There were designated the following three research questions: "How often and where do most vegetarians get information about a meatless diet?", "How can you achieve a full fledged vegetarian diet?" and "What is vegan awareness on the potential deficiencies in their diet, and how do they try avoid these?". In the theoretical part I deal with vegetarianism as a lifestyle, vegetarianism and its subgroups, the reasons for going to this way of life, the composition of a vegetarian diet with a focus on nutrients that may be deficient, vegetarianism and its impact on the body at different stages of development and ultimately the impact of a meatless diet on human health. The practical section is an elaborated form of qualitative research, specifically I chose semi-structured interviews. I collected the data from the interviews. The interview contained fourteen or fifteen questions, and women were also questioned about the pregnancy period. I asked questions regarding the issue of vegetarianism, veganism or raw foodism. I was interested in individual eating habits, nutrition knowledge and personal experience of the respondents. The data was collected between January 2014 and March 2014. The research group consisted of 6 respondents. The group was made up of women and men in the age range from 20 to 30 years. Among respondents there were vegetarians, vegans and raw foodists and the period of time in which they have been eating this way is different for every person. All respondents were familiar with the purpose of providing an interview and agreed to the publication. The interviews I conducted in person and were recorded on a dictaphone mobile phone. The results of my work show that most respondents do research about a meatless diet. They logically state that most intensive research took place while they were switching their eating habits, but now they still keep finding out new information. The most commonly used way was the Internet, specifically through websites such as www.soucitne.cz or www.vegan-fighter.com. Other sources used are books, articles, studies, and information received from friends or family members. The respondents argue that because the information was obtained this way, their diet is balanced. They are often trying to maintain diversity in their diet, for example, consume legumes and combine various foods such as legumes with cereals. Raw foodists state that they often consume sprouts, seeds, nuts, and of course a large amount of raw vegetables and fruits. All Vegans and Raw foodists know about the possible lack of vitamin B12, and some for this reason, use supplements. Also mentioned are supplements or protein complex supplements designed specifically for vegans.
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